[Abstract] Language plays an important role in society. As a phenomenon of society, language reflects all the sides of human society naturally. Sexism is a phenomenon that takes a male-as-norm attitude, trivializing, insulting or rendering women invisible. As a special social phenomenon, sexism is inevitably reflected through language.
To start with, the thesis traces the reasons for the occurrence of sexism in the English language. In nature, sexism in language reflects sexism in society. The two are closely related. Social connotations of sexism in English tell the relationship between phenomenon of sexism in language and essence of sexism in society. Then the thesis analyses sexism in terms of the generic masculine, word order and semantic derogation of women in greater detail. Finally, a large part of the thesis is contributed to how to change sexism in English. The author of the thesis thinks the key to the problem is: (1) solve the problem of generic pronouns; (2) neutralize lexis; (3) strive for balanced naming and addressing system; (4) coin new corresponding words. The elimination of linguistic sexism lies in social change. Only by changing the social structure, that is, women and men own really equal status, can language equality be truly achieved.
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[Key Words] sexism; English language; lexical neutralization; feminism
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[摘 要] 语言在社会中所处的职位地方尤为重要。作为一种社会征象的语言，一定会反响出人类社会的种种社会看法。性别鄙视作为这此中的一种，是指把男性视作社会范例和中心，鄙视，
欺凌女性或使她们显得微不够道。而这一特定的社会征象一定会在语言中折射出来。
论文首先分析了英语中性别鄙视征象形成的源头。从本质来说，语言中的性别鄙视是社会中性别鄙视的表现。两者细密相连。性别鄙视的社会内在反响的便是这种语言中的性别鄙视征象与社会中的性别鄙视的本质的干系。接着论文从阳性词泛指，词序，词义的贬降等方面临英语中的性别鄙视征象举行了细致的分析。着末论文还着力探究怎样变化这种鄙视。作者以为，变化性别鄙视重要办理以下几个标题：(1) 制止阳性代词的泛指；(2) 词汇的中性化；(3)定名与称谓的对等；(4)创造新的对应词。语言中的性别鄙视的终极殒命取决于社会变革。只有变化社会布局，即男女真正拥有同等的职位地方，语言中的同等才气真正实现。消除语言中的性别鄙视的底子在于实现男女的同等的社会变革。
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[要害词] 性别鄙视；英语语言；词汇中性化；女权主义 字串8
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1. Introduction
As the peculiar result of the development of human society, language is a kind of social phenomenon and reflects all the sides of human society naturally. Its existence and development are closely linked with the social attitudes of human beings and to a great extent are affected by their social views and values. Historically and sociologically, our society is man-oriented and man-centered. Women, regarded as a weaker gender in society, are discriminated for a long time and completely subordinated in political life, economic life and even family life in the society dominated by men. Unavoidably, this kind of phenomenon has been embodied in languages. In linguistic aspect, language is bias-based and women suffer from language sexism. Gender-differentiated language use can reflect and help perpetuate the subordinate status of women in society.
Since 1960s, feminists strive for the elimination of gender discrimination, for the greater recognition of women’s contributions to society and aim to change many cultural and social customs that perpetuate patriarchal value systems. Many fields of life around the world have been, or are being, affected by this movement. One of the many impacts feminism on society is its impact on language. Language was and is seen by many feminists as a powerful instrument of patriarchy. 字串4
2. The Factors of Sexism in the English Language
Sexism in English is not formed in one day, but built up in the long period of the development of language, which leads to the variety of the causes. What causes the sexism in the English Language? There are four factors: cultural factor, physiological factor, social factor and psychological factor. 字串8
(1) Cultural factor
In the Holy Bible (The Books of The Old Testament): “So the Lord God caused a deep sleep to fall upon the man, and he slept; then he took one of his ribs and closed up its place with flesh. And the rib that the Lord God had taken from the man he made into a woman and brought her to the man. Then the man said, ‘This at last is bone of my bones and flesh of my flesh; this one shall be called Woman, for out of Man this one was taken.’ ” [1]
Man came to the world first while woman made from one of man’s ribs was created just as a help meet for him. And she was not created until all other animals failed to meet the satisfaction of the man. From the order of the birth, it is obvious to see the different importance of man and woman. And man and woman are not equal at all because woman is only a part of man, which itself is the discrimination against women. It is said in the Holy Bible that the first sin is also committed by the woman. She was seduced by the snake into eating the fruit of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil and having the man eat, too. At last, the woman was punished to bring forth children in pain and was ruled over by the man. From above, the superiority of men and inferiority of women is clearly seen. The Holy Bible is actually a book of men. As Christianity is such a powerful religion in Western countries, it is unreasonable to deny that this helps to set and consolidate the inferiority of women.